Implement gradients for StWidget

Rather than having gradients be individually implemented by higher
level JS widgets, move basic gradient functionality into StWidget.
There is prior art in WebKit for CSS gradients:

http://webkit.org/blog/175/introducing-css-gradients/

However, implementing this would be quite a lot of work; all we
need in the Shell design at the moment is basic horizontal/vertical
linear gradients.  So, the syntax now supported is:

background-gradient-type: [vertical|horizontal]
background-gradient-start: color;
background-gradient-end: color;

https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=602131